The main themes of Chapters 9 and 10 concerned political and socio-economic issues in the great Hindu kingdoms of north and south India. Our focus in this chapter is to be on cultural developments, specifically in relation to religion, art and architecture, and literature. We shall examine the ways in which these three areas demonstrate, on the one hand, an integral unity across the subcontinent and, on the other, their diverse manifestations in different regions of India. The location of each of the main religious and cultural centres in India between c. CE 600 and 1200 will be found in Map 11.1. The last section of the chapter will deal with some of the Indian cultural influences abroad during this period.