ABSTRACT
When we think of reading, we often think of a student’s ability to read aloud in a clear, fluent way. We know that younger children are still learning to “sound out” words, and that they often read one. word. at. a. time. We do not expect this from students in the middle grades because by 4th grade, typically developing students are fluent readers (of age appropriate texts, of course). A summary of typical decoding development is included below.
