ABSTRACT
This chapter provides working definitions of sociology and distinguishes between sociology as a science using quantitative methodologies and as a humanistic analysis using qualitative methodologies, describes the goals of scientific study. It explains the differences between value free and value aware research and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of specific methods such as controlled experiments, survey research, field research, unobtrusive research, and program evaluation. The chapter outlines major tenets of each microsociological theory such as symbolic interactionism; compare with social exchange theory, developmental perspectives, and family systems theory and describes how the scripting model is a synthesis between macro and micro approaches. It locates each macro-sociological theory within its historical context and explains major tenets and critiques of functionalism, conflict or feminist theories, and ecological evolutionary approaches and contrast microsociological perspectives with macro theories.
