ABSTRACT
This chapter examines the evolution of Italian-American organized crime activity from the late 19th century to the present. It explores some unique developments in American Mafia culture and history. Before Italian-American organized crime became synonymous with the term 'mafia', it was known by a handful of other identifiers. Perhaps, best known was the Black Hand extortion phenomenon. In order to become a member of La Cosa Nostra (LCN), one must have an Italian-American or Italian father. Members are expected to adhere to the vaunted code of silence, or omerta, as well as to stay away from members' wives under the threat of death. Most authorities suggest that the breaking down of the code of silence and the success of federal legislation such as the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization (RICO) statute have had the most impact on organized crime in America.
