ABSTRACT
The contact of sovereign governments and the grouping of states is complicated by differences of nationality, race and religion, and by the contrast of social classes. All these different factors in international politics are classed together here as cultural, because culture appears to be the best general term to cover that complex of language, religion and moral tradition which we call nationality, as well as to indicate the characteristic differences which appear in the contact of peoples in emigration or the contrast of social classes. The problems of international politics change somewhat from generation to generation; for example, in the sixteenth century, religion was a much greater source of difficulty than it now is; and in the nineteenth century, emigration was a much more difficult problem than it ever had been before. It is not possible, however, to review here the history of cultural problems and, therefore, all that will be attempted is a description of the present situation.
