ABSTRACT
Every civilised state has at least one administrative office which deals with its relations to other states. The Ministers or Secretaries in control hold their powers on very different bases. 1 In autocratic states the Foreign Minister holds his position at the pleasure of the monarch, as was the case in Tsarist Russia and in Germany until November 1918. In the United States the President is more powerful than the Secretary of State even in negotiations and in France also the President seems to have very extensive powers in foreign affairs. In Great Britain the sovereign has been more active in foreign policy than in other sections of politics and this has limited the power of the Foreign Secretary.
