ABSTRACT
Forestry is changing. Forest tenure and management regimes around the world are attempting to adapt to changing social and economic conditions. Hosny El Lakany (2014) , 2007 Chairman of the international Partnership for Forestry Education, summarized the general tendency, especially in the less developed countries, as follows: “Traditional forestry is giving way to forests managed increasingly by communities for their goods and services within the context of national development strategies”. In 2007 participants from 29 countries at the International Workshop on Forestry Education agreed to move “towards holism” and away from industrial-based forestry education models (Ratnasingam et al., 2013). In southeast Asia, a 2004 survey showed an ongoing shift from traditional forestry towards social and community forestry, agroforestry and environmental conservation (Rudebjer and Siregar, 2004).
