ABSTRACT
The aftermath of World War II led to immigration from former colonies to France and Britain. For other countries that did not have the same kind of colonial ties, the first flows after the war came from other parts of Europe; but as countries like Germany began to recover from the war, they reached out to others, like Turkey, for the workers they needed to rebuild. These “newer” countries of immigration initially focused on labor flows, particularly during the 1950s and 1960s. It wasn’t until the 1970s and 1980s that they began to grapple with the fact that communities had developed and laborers had become settlers. This chapter explores the history of immigration in Germany, Spain, Italy, and concludes with an overview of European Union (EU) immigration policy.
