ABSTRACT
Members of more traditional cultures are described as using forms of magical thinking that defy rules of logic and reason. Paul Rozin and Carol Nemeroff suggest that such thinking is not limited to traditional cultures, but exists in some aspects of daily life in highly industrialized cultures as well. Patricia Ruzgis and Elena Grigorenko distinguish between cross-cultural research that focuses on explicit and implicit theories of intelligence. They explain that studies of explicit theories have attempted to determine how cultural environments impact the development of different patterns of intellectual abilities. Cross-cultural psychologists have tended to believe that once adjustments are made to a cognitive abilities test it can be effectively used in a culture other than the one for which it was originally developed. Cultural psychologists, on the other hand, tend to believe that cognitive ability tests are themselves a product of culture.
