ABSTRACT
The Byid period of the fourth/tenth century, an age of openness and tolerance characterized by a remarkable cultural and intellectual efflorescence, was a great time for literary patronage and literature. In place of a single imperial court, in this socio-politically decentralized age there were many courts of rulers and potentates. Theology was one of the disciplines that attracted him, and the main stakes and contours of the theological field, and often its personnel, were different from those of the literary field. Al-ib was an extremely talented, cultivated, and erudite person. The terminology used in the contemporary sources to describe literary patronage and production is discussed, and the illocutionary acts confirming the benefit-based relations in the literary field are analyzed. Al-Tawd's interactions and performance at the court reveal a mirror image of the competent courtier.
