ABSTRACT
This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the key concepts covered in the preceding chapters of this book. The changes in organisations and the context within which they have to operate now have been mentioned many times throughout the book. Today's leaders have to operate in an environment that is increasingly political; one that paradoxically is both more competitive but also demands greater collaboration, because so often their organisations now have to form partnerships or strategic alliances to achieve their goals. In addition, they have to cope with a huge increase in the speed and volume of communications, through formal and informal social media, face scrutiny from 24/7 news media and deal with increasing regulation. With the continuing globalisation of business, line managers find themselves in a very different relationship with their staff that they have much less face to face contact. Giving greater emphasis to understanding motivation in appraisal training will help, but more research is also needed to improve our basic knowledge.
