ABSTRACT
This chapter centres on an earlier distinction made by Galileo Galilei, which has been foundational in science ever since. Motion, for instance, is both a primary and a secondary quality. One can both cognitively grasp a concept of motion and directly perceive it. Perceived qualities themselves are aspects of nature and, since the development of perceptual neuropsychology, it has become normal to measure them or to measure the simpler aspects of reports made of some of them. Giulio Tononi, proposer of the 'integrated information' view of consciousness, has suggested the notion of a 'qualia space', analogous to the notional 'colour space' that describes the different hues humans are able to experience. Knot theory is an arcane branch of mathematics that crops up in all sorts of surprising areas including quantum field theory. There seems to be a mathematical paper trail, in other words, that links prime numbers to quantum knots via the Riemann hypothesis and thus to manifest knots.
