ABSTRACT
Lean often focuses on waste (non-value-adding processes) reduction from the system, which leads
to cost minimization. It also strives for continuous process improvement to achieve level
scheduling and economy of scale in the operation. This enables organizations to augment the
quality of the product and improved services by transforming the traditional batch and queue
production system (Larson and Greenwood, 2004). On the other hand, the green supply chain
emphasizes sustaining the organization, people, and future generations. This is based on 3Ps-
people, profit, and planet-and strives for reduction in the use of natural resources and CO2 emissions and for recycling used products; it also applies the reduction of environmental risks and
improving ecological efficiency (Carvalho and Cruz-Machado, 2009).
