ABSTRACT
The gradual naturalization of the national narrative illustrates the universalization of the nation-state in the context of capitalist and western globalization in the nineteenth and twentieth century's. A prominent figure in the Iranian community, Mirza Agha Khan Kermani had direct access to writings in English and French, which inspired him to formulate his revolutionary, nationalist and anti-Arab ideas, constitutive of 'Aryan' nationalism. In 1953, Mohammad Mohaqqeqi Lahiji founded the Islamic Centre in Hamburg which he led until 1964. It was then led by the first president of the Parliament of the Islamic Republic, Mohammad Beheshti, Mohammad Mojtahed Shabestari, now a reformer and well-known 'new theologian', and then by the president of the Republic, Mohammad Khatami. With the establishment of the Islamic Republic, foreign countries retain their function as a rear base for religious dissent. The first rebuttal of the widespread Khomeynist conception of velayat-e faqih published in Beirut in 1979, written by Muhammad Jawad Mughniyya.
