ABSTRACT
In 1930, Chiang Kai-shek sent a hundred thousand men to make an end of the forty thousand ill-armed troops which then comprised the total Red force. Mao Tse-tung, who was afterwards to play so important a part among the Reds, lost his position as chief of the party's propaganda bureau. The Reds had been cleared out of the leading great cities Peking, Shanghai, Nanking and Hankow but they soon came back in a form even more dangerous to Chiang and his Kuomintang government in Nanking. For his fifth campaign against the Reds Chiang followed a plan worked out by General von Seeckt, for a time his chief German adviser. When the war broke out the Red generals, hitherto hunted down like noxious animals, at once placed themselves under Chiang's command. This is one of the remarkable combinations of force against which the Japanese are now fighting with little understanding of the spiritual factors by which the opposition is sustained.
