ABSTRACT
Savery, for instance,r describes the problem as that 'of the mystery of how a state in experience can report what lies beyond experience. . . . How can anything be the thought of something else? How can a mental state report not what it is, but what it is not?' And Lovejoy2 formulates the problem by saying that it 'consists in that peculiarity of knowing which philosophers call "meaning" or "transcendent reference"; that is, in the fact that when we know we appear somehow to have within the field of our experience at a given moment objects which we must at the same time conceive as existing entirely outside that field-for example, as having their being at a time other than the time of the knowing of them.'
