See also: Croesus; Cyrus the Great; Persian Empire; Phrygia Kingdom.

MACCABEES. See Hasmonean Kingdom

Short-lived empire, ruled by Philip II of Macedon (r. 359-336 b.c.e.) and his son, Alexander the Great (r. 336-323 b.c.e.), that included the part of modern-day Greece northeast of the Gulf of Thermai.