ABSTRACT
J.C. Turner and Larry Dugan began the counterattack against membership decline during the 1980s, laying the groundwork for what was to follow. The decline was checked in the late 1980s, and 1991 and 1992 were the primary years of renewed growth. Aggressive local actions in the United States and Canada were critical, as they always are, in a decentralized organization. That combination of local initiative and Frank Hanley’s administrative acumen and aggressive organizational initiatives have been the primary causes of the union’s embryonic resurgence during the early nineties.
