ABSTRACT
The Classical Management Movement Frederick Taylor Frederick Taylor’s 1911 monograph, The Principles of Scientific Management, revolutionized the idea of optimizing productivity. His four principles of scientific man-
agement are the hallmark of the classical management period of public
administration. The first principle encompasses the adoption of laws and formulas
to determine the most efficient ways of completing tasks. Standard work proce-
dures were believed to engender productivity-and more importantly profit. Taylor,
a mechanical engineer by profession, implemented the use of time-and-motion
studies to determine the highest level of worker output in accordance with a par-
ticular procedure. To motivate workers and maximize output, Taylor advocated ad-
herence to stringent working procedures and tied employee production levels to
earnings: he paid workers on a piece-rate basis.
