ABSTRACT
Interest groups penetrate all branches of government. The executive branch and the regulatory agencies, however, besides being a target of some groups, also lobby on behalf of their own interests. The power of the executive branch has expanded rapidly in the twentieth century. Two world wars, an economic depression, the development of nuclear weapons, a shrinking world, and a Congress hamstrung by competing groups have all enhanced its power. The increasing complexity of government and issues that sometimes baffle even the president have caused the people to focus on the president as "the government" that they can understand. The president now frequently and actively participates in the legislative process, designing and initiating policy proposals. The independent regulatory commissions also spend much of their time lobbying on behalf of the groups they were established to regulate. Designed to serve as economic gatekeepers, guarding the consumer and keeping a watchful eye on private industry, these agencies often end up promoting the interests of their clientele. Working with favorable members of Congress and their own corporate clientele, the regulatory agencies exercise substantial influence on government. 1
Interest Group Lobbying of the Executive Branch
Interest groups focus a major part of their effort on the executive branch of government through their lobbying in Congress, their direct contact with the bureaucracy, and court litigation. Few groups are privileged to have direct contact with the president. But the direct influence that occurs happens when the president is drawing up a legislative proposal or appointing a Cabinet.
