ABSTRACT
Diseases caused by chromosome abnormalities or changes in genes are called genetic disorders. Gene mutations can occur if one are exposed to harmful agents, such as chemicals, poisons, drugs, alcohol, pollution, cigarette smoke, x-rays, and ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun. Genetic errors that occur in somatic or body cells are not inherited. A pedigree is a tool that can be used to trace genetic errors in families. Healthy genes can be inserted into carriers such as bacteria or viruses that have also been genetically altered so that they cannot cause disease. An increase in information about genetic diseases has led more and more people to inquire about genetic testing. Most genetic disorders result from gene changes on the autosomal chromosomes, although a number are found on the sex chromosomes. Albinism is a recessive disorder that affects the gene that makes a pigment called melanin, a dark chemical that gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes.
