The chapter discusses the Allure of Neutralism and Pacifism almost from the time the Atlantic Alliance was created, public opinion in Western Europe has been described as shifting in the direction of neutralism, pacifism, and hostility to North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) membership. A French government memorandum of August 5, 1950, argued that in order to overcome neutralism and defeatism among the French people. The history of the Atlantic Alliance suggests that members of the mass structure in the NATO countries have for the most part been content to pursue peace and security through the actions of their governments rather than mass political action. Finally, the connection between burden-shifting and feelings of resentment and victimization helps explain the seemingly paradoxical relationship between the intensity of intra-NATO disputes and the proficiency of the political and military authorities responsible for obtaining and organizing the forces necessary for deterrence and defense both within Europe and outside it.