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Light was the basis for Quakers’ strong opposition to racism, sexism, war, and religious intolerance.

Early in the nineteenth century, scores of female and male Quaker missionaries lived among the Iroquois tribes, preaching Christianity and teaching white culture. Like other missionaries, Quakers often denigrated Native culture, but they did encourage sobriety and discourage gambling-both crucial to the early nineteenth-century renaissance of the Iroquois. Though ultimately Native leaders would have a greater impact on the Iroquois than any number of Quaker missionaries, Quaker schools, food and medicine proved significant cultural contributions.