ABSTRACT
National preparedness and resilience as public services are enabled, in part, by interagency policy execution. Public goods are goods that are hard to produce for private profit because the market fails to account for their large positive externalities. National security and homeland security are viewed as public goods because they are nonrivalrous, nonexcludable public services where consumption of goods by one member does not reduce availability for others and no one be excluded from using the goods. The literature reveals that the lack of multi-agency cooperation as it relates to implementation of national-level policyparticularly in the security fieldrepresents a continued vulnerability of the national transportation system and supply chains. Christensen and Laegreid discuss whole-of-government initiatives as a reaction to the negative effects of New Public Management (NPM) reforms such as structural devolution, single-purpose organizations, and performance management, but also as a reaction to a more uncertain twenty-first-century security environment.
