ABSTRACT
The following list has beeil compiled during the past few years in connection with the ongoing ArcheoBiblioBase project and study of archival development in Russia. It makes no pretense to be comprehensive. Rather, emphasis is on laws and decrees relating to archiv al developments discussed in the foregoing directory and in the related Grimsted essay (a-706). According to post-August 1991 legislative and executive usage, normative acts have been issued predominantly in the following categories, all of wh ich have the effect of law:
A federallaw (zakon), is passed by both houses of parliament and takes effect when signed by the President. A directive (postanovlenie) is issued by a federal executive organ, such as an executive organ of the Govemment (Pravitel'stvo) or legislative body, or before 1993 by the Council of Ministers or the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, and also has the effect of law. A presidential decree (ukaz) also has the effect of law and takes effect when signed by the President. A presidential directive (rasporiazhenie), abbreviated "rp" after the number, sometimes translated as regulation-usually is employed for lower-level acts, and does not require confirmation. A regulation or order (polozhenie) may be issued by any government executive agency, but has the authority of law only when confirmed (utverzhdeno) by a presidential decree (ukaz) or by other legislative or executive action.
