ABSTRACT
Backwardness, its meaning and frequency. T he problem of backwardness in school is one for the psychologist and not merely for the practical teacher. Too often the latter tends to say merely th a t the child is lazy or stupid, and there’s an end of it. A low degree of general ability is undoubtedly one cause, in fact, in most cases, the m ain cause, of backwardness in school. But the most thorough investigations show that, as a rule, there are several causes of backwardness, and some cases have no thing to do w ith a low intelligence. I f backwardness is to be dealt w ith satisfactorily the precise causes m ust be discovered in each individual case.
