ABSTRACT
Parts of Italy, where the end of all the emperors who died in 68-9 had come and over which two campaigns had been fought, suffered most from the wars, after the military zone on the Rhine. The resurgence of Rome, which escaped damage until struck in its heart by the fire on the Capitol, was vital to Vespasian’s own position: coins proclaim it, conjoining ROMA RESVRGENS with the type of Vespasian extending his hand to raise Roma from her knees and presenting a high proportion of types showing public buildings. Returning to visible normality helped other kinds of wounds heal: members of one family had met in conflict.1
