ABSTRACT
Development, natural-resource use, and the environment have become so inextricably linked that they need to be jointly managed. This is a relatively recent phenomenon. It used to be that we could design industrialization strategies without too much concern for resource depletion, pollution, and climate change; or unleash a Green Revolution in agriculture without immediate concern for chemicals fl owing into water tables and loss of biodiversity. Today’s industrialized countries achieved their current levels of development largely without the burden of environmental constraints and certainly of the threats of climate change. This is no longer the case. The synergies have become so large that the very success of development is conditional on its impact on resource availability and environmental sustainability (see, for example, Al Gore’s An Inconvenient Truth, 2009). Here are some examples.
