ABSTRACT
For these rights to matter, they have to be enforced. Open-access resources off er users only two rights: access and extraction. Common property resources (CPR), also called common pool resources, give community members the rights of access, extraction, management, and exclusion. Under CPR, the services of a resource such as fi shing, grazing of animals, and the extraction of fi rewood or lumber from a forest are (1) collectively excludable (non-members are excluded, while members cannot be excluded), and (2) rival in use (the fi sh, forage, or lumber disappears with appropriation by one member). As can be seen in Figure 16.1, CPR can be compared to private and open-access resources in that they are rival; and they can be compared to club goods in that they are collectively excludable.
