This chapter talks about key organizational factors that may affect the programming process. It examines the types of roles and responsibilities taken by different players in the programming process, and then discusses situational or contextual factors that may affect the program. In many organizations, the user agency pays from its own budget for buildings or professional services such as programming. A programmer who is committed to broad input may mesh well with an organization whose values are consistent with participation, or poorly with one whose values are hierarchical and authoritarian. Performance-based programming may be preferred, to allow greater exploration and creativity during design. Programming may be done in-house by the organization itself or, alternatively, by a programming consultant hired from outside the organization. The in-house option may be preferred in larger organizations that have specialized facility management sections with experience in programming. Programming may be initiated during strategic planning, project definition, feasibility analysis, master planning, or design.