ABSTRACT
Once policies are implemented, experience with it and with similar policies will often change the policy design, even when the policy and goals are supposedly in place and operating. For example, targeted federal spending on particular urban problems was once granted based on focused federal goals and specific programmatic interests. This policy changed because, to a considerable extent, implementation was not as successful as had been hoped. The targeted policy was replaced by block grants, in which state and local governments are freer to make choices about how the money is spent, provided that relatively broad federal goals are met.
