ABSTRACT
Likewise, the literature on work programs does not convincingly demonstrate reduced recidivism ( Vito, 1985b; Zeisel, 1982 ). Gendreau and Ross (1987; MacKenzie and Hickman, 1998) , however, provide some principles that should be followed with regard to work programs: (1) they must enhance practical skills, (2) develop interpersonal skills and minimize prisonization, and (3) ensure that work is not intended as punishment alone.
