ABSTRACT
SHOCK INCARCERATION PROGRAMS Technically, shock incarceration programs, or “boot camps,” as they are commonly known, are institutional correctional programs, not community-based ones. However, they are considered intermediate sanctions and are a distant cousin to shock probation programs. 11 The most recent shock incarceration programs appeared first in Georgia (1983) and Oklahoma (1984). The concept spread quickly and, in 2000, 54 boot camp programs had opened in 41 state correctional jurisdictions and handled more than 21,000 inmates in 2000 ( Camp & Camp, 2000 ), in addition to many programs developed and being considered in cities and counties, and for juveniles ( Gover, MacKenzie, & Styve, 2000 ).
