ABSTRACT
Introduction The importance of peer relations in psychological development has both theoretical and empirical bases. Both Adler (1930) and Sullivan (1953) assigned a critical role to peer relations in personality develop ment, in contrast to Freud (1909/1959), who emphasized the parentchild relationship. According to Adler, positive relations with peers enhance a child’s intrinsic social feelings and are essential if the greatest personal growth is to be achieved by the individual. Similarly, Sullivan (1953) believed that the infant’s transformation from a biological organism into a hum an being is brought about through interpersonal relations, particularly with peers.
