ABSTRACT
Between the eclipse of Mithraism, in the fourth century, until the coming of Islam to Persia, in the seventh, there appears the almost forgotten gure of Mazdak (d. 524/8), a socio-religious revolutionary active in Zoroastrian Sasanian Iran, whose radical re-thinking of religion and state held a short but inuential patronage across Iran and into Arabia. e Zoroastrian clergy moved swiftly to end the widespread inuence of his teachings, securing his death – as they had Mani’s about three centuries before him, but on the whole they failed to eradicate the immortal impress of its ideals. Mazdak taught an unorthodox doctrine which was incredibly misconstrued by the mobeds, a deliberate misunderstanding carried over into the Islamic establishment that adopted a comparable view of Mazdak[ism] as heresy. Since these rst accusations Mazdak and his followers have been negatively portrayed as excessively libertine – as sharing women along with their worldly possessions – sadly inating what should perhaps be considered as probably the rst “communistic” society in history.
