ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses what children can do explicitly and used to help them move on as independent learners. Vygotsky postulated the idea of a notional gap called as a virtual gap in today's language. He called it the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). It is a gap between the performance level and the potential level. Here are some things to think of genuine sharing of attention and meaning, of intersubjectivity and of scaffolding. The shared meanings that people construct through their interactions with one another as they use cultural tools to interpret aspects of their social, cultural or intellectual lives are intersubjectivity. Scaffolding was the term used by Bruner for a process whereby the more expert other in any interaction is able to support the child's learning just as a scaffold supports a building whilst it is being erected. Loris Malaguzzi concluded that all human infants as being competent, curious and questioning as they place an enormous emphasis on listening.
