ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on the importance of sub-national democracy within a non-democratic nation-state. It also addresses one of the important consequences of democratization, the emergence of civil society. It further focuses on two pronounced aspects of civil society, their active participation in political life and people's attempt to influence politics, their understanding of the importance of political events. To address these issues, the chapter analyzes the outcomes of federal elections and social protests across the sub-national regions. Elections and protests are the most obvious tools of action of civic society and the sheer signs of its existence. If the regional population votes against the party in power and if the social protest takes place as a reaction to electoral falsification, regardless of their efficiency, these are the important aspects of the emergence of civil society as a consequence of the democratization period.
