This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the concepts discussed in this book. The book demonstrates the essentially irrational instrumentality of nuclear weapons in numerous ways. The case for nuclear abolition is simple, elegant and eloquent. The near universal NPT has kept the nuclear nightmare at bay for over four decades. It is impossible to deal with non-NPT nuclear-armed states from within the treaty. Israel, even though it is not an NPT signatory, will not openly admit to its nuclear weapons stockpiles. Without strengthening national security, nuclear weapons diminish people's common humanity and impoverish their soul. Their very destructiveness robs them of military utility against other nuclear powers and of political utility against non-nuclear countries. The nuclear weapons state (NWS) allies are far more forceful and robust in protesting the risks of nuclear nonproliferation and markedly more timid in demanding concrete disarmament from their protectors.