ABSTRACT

Has the following ever happened to you? You are introducing two people to each other but suddenly realize you have forgotten the name of one of them. If you have experienced that, you will know how acutely embarrassing it can be. Frustration is another emotion we can experience when forgetting occurs, as when a student sitting an examination goes blank and can’t remember what he/she knows about a topic. These are failures of retrospective memory, which involves remembering events, words, and so on from the past typically (but not always) when deliberately trying to do so.