ABSTRACT
Climate Policy Integration (CPI) in energy policy could be described as 'too little, too late' and that the European Union (EU) is in fact engaged in something like 'catch-up governance' where improvements in past policy measures do little to close the gap to 2050. This chapter explores how functional interrelations; political commitment; and the institutional and policy context can explain the level of CPI found in the policy process and output of the cases. It describes an explanatory framework inspired from literature on policy integration and theories of European integration that includes four variables to explain the levels of CPI found in the cases. These four variables are wrapped up in the broader notions of 'policy', 'politics', 'context' and 'process'. Each of the four explanatory variables plays more or less crucial roles in the explanation of the levels of CPI found. The process dimension is most useful as a complementary explanatory variable when broken down into its component elements.
