ABSTRACT
This conclusion presents some closing thoughts of key concepts discussed in preceding chapters of this book. The book assessed whether European Union (EU) energy supply is at risk because too many decisions are taken at a suboptimal level of policy making. It analyzed the internal EU gas system, a study of EU energy security inevitably also touches upon external suppliers. The external dimension of European energy security confirms that the EU is in fact a suboptimal level to govern the European gas market. In addition, regulatory periods in Europe are, being limited to three or four years, comparatively short and because of that returns on investment can vary substantially. Possibly the more modest role of Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER) in comparison to its peers in the member states in the first phase after its foundation is part of conventional decision-making procedures in Europe.
