ABSTRACT
This chapter presents some concluding thoughts on key concepts discussed in this book. The book presents a wide range of application areas in geographic information system (GIS) for human geography and related social sciences. It illustrates how GIS can help shed light on important spatial variations in the incidence of activities and how additional spatial analysis can help understand those patterns further. GIS can incorporate Twitter data to plot where consumers have travelled from to get to a shopping centre and help that calibration process. Collecting data through maps has also been supplemented by the increasing availability of GIS on tablets and smartphones which can make them ideal also for data collection. The increased availability of social media has also been associated with the development of a new information era in GIS and spatial analysis – that of 'big data'. Big data have inevitably raised new and additional concerns over accuracy and ethics.
