ABSTRACT
Whenanationisconfrontedwithadifferentcivilization,theremustarisesomeconfusionintheway peopleacceptorrejectit.Somepeoplemightyearn afterthenewthingsintroducedfromtheforeign civilization,believingthemtobesuperiortotheir own,butmanywouldrejectthem,thinkingthese strangethingswouldunsettletheirlives.Japan wasconfrontedbysuchanewcivilizationandsuch confusionwhenthecountrywasopeneduptothe westernworldin1859,afteralongperiod(sometwo andahalfcenturies)ofseclusionfromtheoutside world.ButitwasnotuntiltheendoftheTokoguwa Dynastyandthebeginningoftherestorationofthe sovereigntyoftheEmperorin1868,thatJapanset outontheroadofmodernizationandindustrialization,whicheventuallymeantwesternization.
