ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the metropolitan regions and their common characteristics. The eight regions are Detroit, Milwaukee, Cleveland, Buffalo, Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, Indianapolis, Columbus. The metropolitan statistical area (MSA) of Detroit-Warren-Livonia includes the six counties of Lapeer, Livingston, Macomb, Oakland, St. Clair, and Wayne. Automobiles and transportation equipment were seen in Detroit, the most dependent, and in Cleveland and Cincinnati, which both exhibited mid-range manufacturing dependency. Higher-technology types of industrial strengths tended to be seen in regions on the lower end of the manufacturing-dependency spectrum, most notably in Indianapolis, and to some extent in Columbus. In her case study of Buffalo, Foster proposed two main ways of looking at adaptive resilience in light of slow-burning crises like deindustrialization. Foster differentiates between response and recovery resilience, asking how a region responded to a given challenge and how well it recovered from that challenge over time.
