ABSTRACT
Cooperation is difficult. Even when everybody agrees on an end goal, and even when everybody agrees on what is needed to achieve that end goal, it does not mean that everyone (or even anyone) will be able to take the first step, which is a most important step. This chapter will discuss these and other paradoxical structures of collaboration, and ways that the paradoxes can be harnessed in constructing participative architectural systems, with specific reference to Usman's interactive urban spectacles, collaboration platforms and other concrete examples.
