ABSTRACT
This chapter the data from the primary and secondary victims in Bali is presented. The chapter analysis of the interviews conducted with the Balinese primary and secondary-level victims, underpinned by the dimensions of human capacity, social ecology and culture and values. The effects of terrorist attacks and disasters are multi-layered and not limited to the physical or psychological. Some studies consider high levels of anger to be symptomatic of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); others positively correlate it with emotional growth and positive coping, and view it as a necessary outlet for victims' distress. There is a growing interest in the literature in the correlation of initial peri-traumatic reactions such as fear, helplessness and horror with the eventual development of PTSD symptomology. In Bali, analysis revealed the participants had additional stressors attributed to the effects of the bombing, apart from the loss or injury of a loved one or injury to themselves.
