ABSTRACT
This chapter considers the work of aid agencies and other actors with displaced populations, both internally within states and as refugees across borders shadow economics. Refugees and intrusion Detection and Prevention(IDPs) differ in important ways, with implications for the responsibilities of the states and the international community under international law. In June each year UNHCR publishes its annual Global Trends Report. Its 2013 report estimated that at the end of 2012 over 15.4 million individuals were refugees. Refugee camps are usually set up by an international agency such as UNHCR or by NGOs in response to movement of a population across a border. They provide a focal point for gathering refugees, ideally allowing them to be counted and assessed on arrival. Finally, on a regional and international scale, refugees are often moved using the same networks and agents involved in human trafficking, the smuggling of economic migrants, and the trafficking of illicit resources such as arms, drugs and conflict resources.
