ABSTRACT
In Europe, housing needs were enormous due to war damage as well as a rising middle class and general population growth. The industrialisation of construction mostly led to large multi-storey developments, based on national standards meant to support standardised industrial production of building components. However, within construction and architecture, standardised solutions and monotonous mass production of, for example, dwellings and urban environments only had a short period of glory in the1960s and 1970s. The general specialisation and industrialisation of one's society have enhanced the dependency on industrial production processes and products produced outside the context of each particular building project. The art of building is moving from manually dominated construction of projects towards industrially dominated production in projects. Integrated product deliveries (IPDs) represent a bridging of a product perspective and a process perspective in construction. They are normally considered as physical systems that can be configured and customised as a specific delivery and form part of a unique construction project.
