ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the various types of data and data analysis procedures that appear in results sections of research. It introduces to data analysis, there are two main sections: the first relates to how verbal data are presented and analyzed, and the second introduces how numerical data are presented and analyzed. The chapter explores to read Results sections of research articles with enough confidence to critically evaluate whether appropriate procedures have been used and correct interpretations have been made. Consequently, the analysis of verbal data is not quite as straightforward as analyzing numerical data. The reason is that analysis of verbal data is initiated at the beginning of the data-collection process and continues throughout the study. One of the main goals of much qualitative research is to extrapolate patterns and themes from the verbal data. The question for the consumer is whether these patterns are plausible based on the data.
