ABSTRACT
In 1907, fear of German penetration in the Ottoman Empire, coupled with the realization that the British simply could not defend India if a Russian army entered Afghanistan, led Grey to sign a second Entente with Russia. Grey's first experience of foreign affairs had been as under-secretary in the 1890s when he had been unpleasantly struck by the way in which Germany tried to exploit Britain's differences with France and Russia to force it to make concessions. In April 1911, General Foch told the British military attache that he hoped the British would send their army to France at the very start of the war because of the uplift it would give to French morale if they saw the British fighting side by side with them. The French were more aware than the British of the importance of such psychological factors in sustaining national morale.
